How To Use Et Al In Research Paper

Is found in essays research papers and legal writings.

How to use et al in research paper. According to lai and sookochoff 2018. Harris et al 2001 or harris et al. Citations to works with three authors can either. Always write et al in lowercase unless it begins a sentence and include a period after al even when it appears in the middle of a sentence. Apa format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three four or five and use et al afterward.

For all in text citations. The term et al. Can be used after the first name to indicate that there are more than two other authors who worked on the project. 1 give all three names the first time and thereafter use et al. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al.

Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. Is commonly used in place of a list of names whether of people or places when the list would be exhaustive or is simply not necessary. How to use et al. The term al is an abbreviation of alii and the entire phrase et al always follows at least one person s name job position or title.

Here is how this could look. Often appears in academic documents. How to write and publish a scientific paper 1 summarizes current practice as using et al. It is generally used in footnotes and citations. 2 give all three names for every citation.

Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. For example when a book has multiple authors et al. For more than three authors a practice also favored by the chicago manual of style 2 whereas cambridge university press for its stm science technology medicine books says. In all cases you should use the last name of the first author followed by et al in your in text citation. Throughout but citations to.