How To Use Et Al Referencing

As previously mentioned different style guidelines have adopted different rules for using et al so the best way to use et al is to check the guidelines of your target journal or organization and follow the style accordingly.

How to use et al referencing. Which is determined by the number of authors and whether it is the first time a reference has been. The use of et al is the same in both styles. According to 4 and 6 9. Below is a chart showing when to use et al. Notes and bibliography and author date style.

The sixth edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association offers guidelines in the use of et al. Chicago style has two systems of citation. Cite similar references based upon the first different names. References within a reference check the reference list for ibid. 2008 or acoose et al 2008 for in text citation.

In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. These refer to a previous reference and should be eliminated from the reference section. This can make things easier if you re referencing more than one source in the same sentence.

Note that et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. After the last dissimilar author. General use of et al. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date.

As demonstrated in 3. When three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors. Use the lead author s name and et al. If you reference the author s name in your text the parenthetical citation goes immediately after the author s name or in this case after the abbreviation et al not at the end of the sentence as it normally would.